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當你的項目數(shù)據(jù)量上去了之后,通常會遇到兩種情況,第一種情況應是最大可能的使用cache來對抗上層的高并發(fā),第二種情況同樣也是需要使用分庫
分表對抗上層的高并發(fā)。。。逼逼逼起來容易,做起來并不那么樂觀,由此引入的問題,不見得你有好的解決方案,下面就具體分享下。
一:盡可能的使用Cache
比如在我們的千人千面系統(tǒng)中,會針對商品,訂單等維度為某一個商家店鋪自動化建立大約400個數(shù)據(jù)模型,然后買家在淘寶下訂單之后,淘寶會將訂單推
送過來,訂單會在400個模型中兜一圈,從而推送更貼切符合該買家行為習慣的短信和郵件,這是一個真實的業(yè)務場景,為了應對高并發(fā),這些模型自然都是緩
存在Cache中,模型都是從db中灌到redis的,那如果有新的模型進來了,我如何通知redis進行緩存更新呢???通常的做法就是在添加模型的時候,順便更新
redis。。。對吧,如下圖:
上面這張圖,相信大家都能看得懂,重點就是這個處理binlog程序,從binlog中分析出CURD從而更新Redis,其實這個binlog程序就是本篇所說的canal。。。
一個偽裝成mysql的slave,不斷的通過dump命令從mysql中盜出binlog日志,從而完美的實現(xiàn)了這個需求。
二:數(shù)據(jù)異構(gòu)
本篇開頭也說到了,數(shù)據(jù)量大了之后,必然會存在分庫分表,甚至database都要分散到多臺服務器上,現(xiàn)在的電商項目,都是業(yè)務趕著技術跑。。。
誰也不知道下一個業(yè)務會是一個怎樣的奇葩,所以必然會導致你要做一些跨服務器join查詢,你以為自己很聰明,其實DBA早就把跨服務器查詢的函數(shù)給你
關掉了,求爹爹拜奶奶都不會給你開的,除非你殺一個DBA祭天,不過如果你的業(yè)務真的很重要,可能DBA會給你做數(shù)據(jù)異構(gòu),所謂的數(shù)據(jù)異構(gòu),那就是
將需要join查詢的多表按照某一個維度又聚合在一個DB中。讓你去查詢。。。。。
三:搭建一覽
好了,canal的應用場景給大家也介紹到了,最主要是理解這種思想,人家搞不定的東西,你的價值就出來了。
1. 開啟mysql的binlog功能
開啟binlog,并且將binlog的格式改為Row,這樣就可以獲取到CURD的二進制內(nèi)容,windows上的路徑為:C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.7
\my.ini。
1 log-bin=mysql-bin #添加這一行就ok2 binlog-format=ROW #選擇row模式3 server_id=1
2. 驗證binlog是否開啟
使用命令驗證,并且開啟binlog的過期時間為30天,默認情況下binlog是不過期的,這就導致你的磁盤可能會爆滿,直到掛掉。
1 show variables like 'log_%';2 3 #設置binlog的過期時間為30天4 show variables like '%expire_logs_days%';5 set global expire_logs_days=30;
3. 給canal服務器分配一個mysql的賬號權限,方便canal去偷binlog日志。
CREATE USER canal IDENTIFIED BY 'canal'; GRANT SELECT, REPLICATION SLAVE, REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO 'canal'@'%'; FLUSH PRIVILEGES; show grants for 'canal'
4. 下載canal
github的地址: https://github.com/alibaba/canal/releases
5. 然后就是各種解壓的命令
[root@localhost ~]# ls 1 Downloads mongodb-linux-x86_64-3.4.4 redis-3.2.9 Videos anaconda-ks.cfg dubbo mongodb-linux-x86_64-3.4.4.tgz redis-3.2.9.tar.gz zookeeper.outapache-maven-3.5.0-bin.tar.gz dubbo-monitor-simple-2.5.4-SNAPSHOT.jar Music redis-4.0.1Desktop hadoop Pictures software Documents hadoop-3.0.0-alpha3.tar.gz Public Templates [root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/myapp [root@localhost myapp]# ls apache-maven-3.5.0-bin.tar.gz dubbo-monitor-simple-2.5.4-SNAPSHOT.jar nginx tengine-2.2.0.tar.gz canal gearmand nginx-1.13.4.tar.gz tengine_stcanal.deployer-1.0.24.tar.gz gearmand-1.1.17 nginx_st tomcat dubbo gearmand-1.1.17.tar.gz redis zookeeper dubbo-monitor-simple-2.5.4-SNAPSHOT maven redis-4.0.1.tar.gz zookeeper-3.4.9.tar.gz dubbo-monitor-simple-2.5.4-SNAPSHOT-assembly.tar.gz mysql-5.7.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz tengine [root@localhost myapp]# cd canal [root@localhost canal]# ls bin conf lib logs [root@localhost canal]# cd conf [root@localhost conf]# ls canal.properties example logback.xml spring [root@localhost conf]# cd example [root@localhost example]# ls instance.properties meta.dat [root@localhost example]#
6. canal 和 instance 配置文件
canal的模式是這樣的,一個canal里面可能會有多個instance,也就說一個instance可以監(jiān)控一個mysql實例,多個instance也就可以對應多臺服務器
的mysql實例。也就是一個canal就可以監(jiān)控分庫分表下的多機器mysql。
《1》 canal.properties
它是全局性的canal服務器配置,具體如下,這里面的參數(shù)涉及到方方面面。
################################################# ######### common argument ############# ################################################# canal.id= 1canal.ip=canal.port= 11111canal.zkServers=# flush data to zk canal.zookeeper.flush.period = 1000# flush meta cursor/parse position to file canal.file.data.dir = ${canal.conf.dir} canal.file.flush.period = 1000## memory store RingBuffer size, should be Math.pow(2,n) canal.instance.memory.buffer.size = 16384## memory store RingBuffer used memory unit size , default 1kb canal.instance.memory.buffer.memunit = 1024 ## meory store gets mode used MEMSIZE or ITEMSIZE canal.instance.memory.batch.mode = MEMSIZE ## detecing config canal.instance.detecting.enable = false#canal.instance.detecting.sql = insert into retl.xdual values(1,now()) on duplicate key update x=now() canal.instance.detecting.sql = select 1canal.instance.detecting.interval.time = 3canal.instance.detecting.retry.threshold = 3canal.instance.detecting.heartbeatHaEnable = false# support maximum transaction size, more than the size of the transaction will be cut into multiple transactions delivery canal.instance.transaction.size = 1024# mysql fallback connected to new master should fallback times canal.instance.fallbackIntervalInSeconds = 60# network config canal.instance.network.receiveBufferSize = 16384canal.instance.network.sendBufferSize = 16384canal.instance.network.soTimeout = 30# binlog filter config canal.instance.filter.query.dcl = falsecanal.instance.filter.query.dml = falsecanal.instance.filter.query.ddl = falsecanal.instance.filter.table.error = falsecanal.instance.filter.rows = false# binlog format/image check canal.instance.binlog.format = ROW,STATEMENT,MIXED canal.instance.binlog.image = FULL,MINIMAL,NOBLOB # binlog ddl isolation canal.instance.get.ddl.isolation = false################################################# ######### destinations ############# #################################################canal.destinations= example# conf root dir canal.conf.dir = ../conf # auto scan instance dir add/remove and start/stop instance canal.auto.scan = truecanal.auto.scan.interval = 5canal.instance.global.mode = spring canal.instance.global.lazy = false#canal.instance.global.manager.address = 127.0.0.1:1099#canal.instance.global.spring.xml = classpath:spring/memory-instance.xml canal.instance.global.spring.xml = classpath:spring/file-instance.xml #canal.instance.global.spring.xml = classpath:spring/default-instance.xml ################################################# ## mysql serverId canal.instance.mysql.slaveId = 1234 # position info,需要改成自己的數(shù)據(jù)庫信息 canal.instance.master.address = 127.0.0.1:3306 canal.instance.master.journal.name =canal.instance.master.position =canal.instance.master.timestamp =#canal.instance.standby.address = #canal.instance.standby.journal.name = #canal.instance.standby.position = #canal.instance.standby.timestamp = # username/password,需要改成自己的數(shù)據(jù)庫信息 canal.instance.dbUsername = root canal.instance.dbPassword = 123456canal.instance.defaultDatabaseName = datamip canal.instance.connectionCharset = UTF-8 # table regex canal.instance.filter.regex = .*\\..* #################################################
由于是全局性的配置,所以上面三處標紅的地方要注意一下:
canal.port= 11111 當前canal的服務器端口號
canal.destinations= example 當前默認開啟了一個名為example的instance實例,如果想開多個instance,用","逗號隔開就可以了。。。
canal.instance.filter.regex = .*\\..* mysql實例下的所有db的所有表都在監(jiān)控范圍內(nèi)。
《2》 instance.properties
這個就是具體的某個instances實例的配置,未涉及到的配置都會從canal.properties上繼承。
################################################# ## mysql serverId canal.instance.mysql.slaveId = 1234# position infocanal.instance.master.address = 192.168.23.1:3306canal.instance.master.journal.name =canal.instance.master.position =canal.instance.master.timestamp =#canal.instance.standby.address = #canal.instance.standby.journal.name =#canal.instance.standby.position = #canal.instance.standby.timestamp = # username/passwordcanal.instance.dbUsername = canal canal.instance.dbPassword = canal canal.instance.defaultDatabaseName =datamipcanal.instance.connectionCharset = UTF-8# table regexcanal.instance.filter.regex = .*\\..*# table black regex canal.instance.filter.black.regex =#################################################
上面標紅的地方注意下就好了,去偷binlog的時候,需要知道的mysql地址和用戶名,密碼。
7. 開啟canal
大家要記得把/canal/bin 目錄配置到 /etc/profile 的 Path中,方便快速開啟,通過下圖你會看到11111端口已經(jīng)在centos上開啟了。
[root@localhost bin]# ls canal.pid startup.bat startup.sh stop.sh [root@localhost bin]# pwd /usr/myapp/canal/bin [root@localhost example]# startup.sh cd to /usr/myapp/canal/bin for workaround relative path LOG CONFIGURATION : /usr/myapp/canal/bin/../conf/logback.xml canal conf : /usr/myapp/canal/bin/../conf/canal.properties CLASSPATH :/usr/myapp/canal/bin/../conf:/usr/myapp/canal/bin/../lib/zookeeper-3.4.5.jar:/usr/myapp/canal/bin/../lib/zkclient-0.1.jar:/usr/myapp/canal/bin/../lib/spring-2.5.6.jar:/usr/myapp/canal/bin/../lib/slf4j-api-1.7.12.jar:/usr/myapp/canal/bin/../lib/protobuf-java-2.6.1.jar:/usr/myapp/canal/bin/../lib/oro-2.0.8.jar:/usr/myapp/canal/bin/../lib/netty-all-4.1.6.Final.jar:/usr/myapp/canal/bin/../lib/netty-3.2.5.Final.jar:/usr/myapp/canal/bin/../lib/logback-core-1.1.3.jar:/usr/myapp/canal/bin/../lib/logback-classic-1.1.3.jar:/usr/myapp/canal/bin/../lib/log4j-1.2.14.jar:/usr/myapp/canal/bin/../lib/jcl-over-slf4j-1.7.12.jar:/usr/myapp/canal/bin/../lib/guava-18.0.jar:/usr/myapp/canal/bin/../lib/fastjson-1.2.28.jar:/usr/myapp/canal/bin/../lib/commons-logging-1.1.1.jar:/usr/myapp/canal/bin/../lib/commons-lang-2.6.jar:/usr/myapp/canal/bin/../lib/commons-io-2.4.jar:/usr/myapp/canal/bin/../lib/commons-beanutils-1.8.2.jar:/usr/myapp/canal/bin/../lib/canal.store-1.0.24.jar:/usr/myapp/canal/bin/../lib/canal.sink-1.0.24.jar:/usr/myapp/canal/bin/../lib/canal.server-1.0.24.jar:/usr/myapp/canal/bin/../lib/canal.protocol-1.0.24.jar:/usr/myapp/canal/bin/../lib/canal.parse.driver-1.0.24.jar:/usr/myapp/canal/bin/../lib/canal.parse.dbsync-1.0.24.jar:/usr/myapp/canal/bin/../lib/canal.parse-1.0.24.jar:/usr/myapp/canal/bin/../lib/canal.meta-1.0.24.jar:/usr/myapp/canal/bin/../lib/canal.instance.spring-1.0.24.jar:/usr/myapp/canal/bin/../lib/canal.instance.manager-1.0.24.jar:/usr/myapp/canal/bin/../lib/canal.instance.core-1.0.24.jar:/usr/myapp/canal/bin/../lib/canal.filter-1.0.24.jar:/usr/myapp/canal/bin/../lib/canal.deployer-1.0.24.jar:/usr/myapp/canal/bin/../lib/canal.common-1.0.24.jar:/usr/myapp/canal/bin/../lib/aviator-2.2.1.jar: cd to /usr/myapp/canal/conf/example for continue[root@localhost example]# netstat -tln Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:11111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 :::111 :::* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 ::1:631 :::* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN [root@localhost example]#
8. Java Client 代碼
canal driver 需要在maven倉庫中獲取一下:http://www.mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.alibaba.otter/canal.client/1.0.24,不過依賴還是蠻多的。
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.alibaba.otter/canal.client --> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba.otter</groupId> <artifactId>canal.client</artifactId> <version>1.0.24</version> </dependency>
9. 啟動java代碼進行驗證
下面的代碼對table的CURD都做了一個基本的判斷,看看是不是能夠智能感知,然后可以根據(jù)實際情況進行redis的更新操作。。。
package com.datamip.canal;import java.awt.Event;import java.net.InetSocketAddress;import java.util.List;import com.alibaba.otter.canal.client.CanalConnector;import com.alibaba.otter.canal.client.CanalConnectors;import com.alibaba.otter.canal.protocol.CanalEntry.Column;import com.alibaba.otter.canal.protocol.CanalEntry.Entry;import com.alibaba.otter.canal.protocol.CanalEntry.EntryType;import com.alibaba.otter.canal.protocol.CanalEntry.EventType;import com.alibaba.otter.canal.protocol.CanalEntry.Header;import com.alibaba.otter.canal.protocol.CanalEntry.RowChange;import com.alibaba.otter.canal.protocol.Message;import com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException;public class App { public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { // 第一步:與canal進行連接 CanalConnector connector = CanalConnectors.newSingleConnector(new InetSocketAddress("192.168.23.170", 11111), "example", "", ""); connector.connect(); // 第二步:開啟訂閱 connector.subscribe(); // 第三步:循環(huán)訂閱 while (true) { try { // 每次讀取 1000 條 Message message = connector.getWithoutAck(1000); long batchID = message.getId(); int size = message.getEntries().size(); if (batchID == -1 || size == 0) { System.out.println("當前暫時沒有數(shù)據(jù)"); Thread.sleep(1000); // 沒有數(shù)據(jù) } else { System.out.println("-------------------------- 有數(shù)據(jù)啦 -----------------------"); PrintEntry(message.getEntries()); } // position id ack (方便處理下一條) connector.ack(batchID); } catch (Exception e) { // TODO: handle exception } finally { Thread.sleep(1000); } } } // 獲取每條打印的記錄 @SuppressWarnings("static-access") public static void PrintEntry(List<Entry> entrys) { for (Entry entry : entrys) { // 第一步:拆解entry 實體 Header header = entry.getHeader(); EntryType entryType = entry.getEntryType(); // 第二步: 如果當前是RowData,那就是我需要的數(shù)據(jù) if (entryType == EntryType.ROWDATA) { String tableName = header.getTableName(); String schemaName = header.getSchemaName(); RowChange rowChange = null; try { rowChange = RowChange.parseFrom(entry.getStoreValue()); } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } EventType eventType = rowChange.getEventType(); System.out.println(String.format("當前正在操作 %s.%s, Action= %s", schemaName, tableName, eventType)); // 如果是‘查詢’ 或者 是 ‘DDL’ 操作,那么sql直接打出來 if (eventType == EventType.QUERY || rowChange.getIsDdl()) { System.out.println("rowchange sql ----->" + rowChange.getSql()); return; } // 第三步:追蹤到 columns 級別 rowChange.getRowDatasList().forEach((rowData) -> { // 獲取更新之前的column情況 List<Column> beforeColumns = rowData.getBeforeColumnsList(); // 獲取更新之后的 column 情況 List<Column> afterColumns = rowData.getAfterColumnsList(); // 當前執(zhí)行的是 刪除操作 if (eventType == EventType.DELETE) { PrintColumn(beforeColumns); } // 當前執(zhí)行的是 插入操作 if (eventType == eventType.INSERT) { PrintColumn(afterColumns); } // 當前執(zhí)行的是 更新操作 if (eventType == eventType.UPDATE) { PrintColumn(afterColumns); &n